Trees, insects, mites, and diseases of Canada's forests

Flowers in clusters; leaves toothed, densely hairy at flowering time

Flowers in clusters of 1-3

Pacific Coast species; flowers in clusters; leaves coarsely toothed, upper surface dark green, lower surface paler and nearly hairless

Flowers in clusters; leaves coarsely toothed almost to the base

Flowers in clusters; leaves coarsely toothed on the upper two-thirds, upper surface dark green, lower surface paler with fine hairs along the midvein

Flowers in clusters; leaves toothed, very distinctively coppery-red, lower surface hairless at flowering time