Red pine
- Latin name: Pinus resinosa Ait.
- French name: Pin rouge
- Synonym(s): Norway pine
- Taxonomic Serial Number: 183375
Description
Leaves
Form
- Needles evergreen
- In bundles of 2
- Straight, brittle (breaking in half when bent)
- Pointed
- Edges finely and sharply toothed
- Bundle-sheath persistent
- Dry scale leaves remain at the annual nodes
Length
- 10–16 cm
Colour
- Shiny dark green
Buds
Form
- Sharp-pointed, resinous
- Scales overlapping, loose, hairy
Length
- To 2 cm
Colour
- Reddish-brown
Twigs
Form
- Stout, shiny, grooved and ridged
Colour
- Orange to reddish-brown
Seed cones (mature)
Form
- Ovoid, almost stalkless
Length
- 4–7 cm
Structure
- Scales slightly thickened at the tips, without prickles
Timing
- Opening in autumn at maturity to release the seeds
- Cones are shed the following year, sometimes leaving a few basal scales on the branchlets
Seeds
Form
- Dull, often mottled
Length
- Seed about 5 mm
- Seed wing about 15 mm
Seedlings
Form
- 5–10 cotyledons, toothless
Length
- 15–25 mm
Bark
Form
- Scaly, becoming furrowed into broad, flat, scaly plates with age
Colour
- Reddish to pinkish
Wood
Texture
- Relatively light, moderately hard
Colour
- Pale brown to reddish-brown
Morphology
- Straight-grained
- Latewood prominent
- Sapwood wide
Uses
- Wood poles and pilings, structural timber
Size
Height
- To 25 m
Diameter
- To 75 cm
Maximum age
- 200 years
Tree form
Forest-grown
Trunk
- Slender, straight
- Distinct to the tip on young trees
- Dead branches soon fall, leaving the trunk clear
Crown
- Conical on young trees, becoming irregular and flat-topped
- Upper principal branches upcurved
- Lower branches spreading horizontally or somewhat drooping, with the foliage crowded toward the tips
Root system
- Moderately deep, wide-spreading
- Sometimes with a taproot
- Lateral roots with sinkers
- Windfirm
Habitat
Site
- Sand plains, rock outcrops, and sites where soil fertility is low
Light tolerance
- Intolerant of shade
Associated species
- In pure stands or mixed with eastern white pine, jack pine, aspens
Range
Southeastern Manitoba to Newfoundland
Photos
Photos
Anthony Scullion
Insects and mites
Insects that cause damage to this tree.
-
Pales weevil
Scientific name: Hylobius pales (Herbst)
-
Pine false webworm
Scientific name: Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.)
Cones or seeds
-
Fir coneworm
Scientific name: Dioryctria abietivorella (Grote)
-
Jack pine budworm
Scientific name: Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman
-
Red pine cone beetle
Scientific name: Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins
Foliage or buds
-
Eastern pine shoot borer
Scientific name: Eucosma gloriola Heinrich
-
European pine sawfly
Scientific name: Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy)
-
European pine shoot moth
Scientific name: Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis and Schiffermuller)
-
European pineneedle midge
Scientific name: Contarinia baeri (Prell)
-
Fir coneworm
Scientific name: Dioryctria abietivorella (Grote)
-
Introduced pine sawfly
Scientific name: Diprion similis (Hartig)
-
Jack pine budworm
Scientific name: Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman
-
Metallic pitch blister moth
Scientific name: Petrova metallica (Busck)
-
Northern pitch twig moth
Scientific name: Petrova albicapitana (Busck)
-
Pine false webworm
Scientific name: Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.)
-
Pine measuringworm moth
Scientific name: Hypagyrtis piniata (Pack.)
-
Pine needle scale
Scientific name: Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch)
-
Pine needle sheathminer
Scientific name: Zelleria haimbachi Busck
-
Pine zale
Scientific name: Zale duplicata (Bethune)
- Protoboarmia porcelaria (Guenee)
-
Red pine cone beetle
Scientific name: Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins
-
Red pine needle midge
Scientific name: Thecodiplosis piniresinosae Kearby and Benjamin
-
Redheaded pine sawfly
Scientific name: Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch)
-
Small pine looper
Scientific name: Eupithecia palpata Pack.
-
Spruce webspinning sawfly
Scientific name: Cephalcia fascipennis (Cresson)
-
Whitetriangle leafroller
Scientific name: Clepsis persicana (Fitch)
Roots, bark, stem or trunk, or branches
Diseases caused by pathogens
Diseases caused by pathogens that cause damage to this tree.
-
Diplodia blight
Pathogen name: Diplodia sapinea (Fr.) Fuckel
Cones or seeds
-
Sirococcus Shoot Blight
Pathogen name: Sirococcus conigenus (Dc.) Cannon & Minter
-
Western gall rust
Pathogen name: Cronartium harknessii E. Meinecke
Foliage or buds
Needle cast (Lophodermium seditiosum)
Pathogen name: Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley, & Millar
-
Conifer-aspen rust
Pathogen name: Melampsora medusae f. sp. tremuloidis Shain
-
Diplodia blight
Pathogen name: Diplodia sapinea (Fr.) Fuckel
-
Dothistroma needle blight
Pathogen name: Mycosphaerella pini Rost. in Munk
-
Needle cast (Lophodermium pinastri )
Pathogen name: Lophodermium pinastri (Shrad.:Fr.) Chev.
-
Needle cast (Lophodermium seditiosum)
Pathogen name: Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley, & Millar
-
Sirococcus Shoot Blight
Pathogen name: Sirococcus conigenus (Dc.) Cannon & Minter
Roots, bark, stem or trunk, or branches
Annosus root and butt rot (Heterobasidion irregulare)
Pathogen name: Heterobasidion irregulare (Underw.) Garbel. & Otrosina
Pitted sap rot
Pathogen name: Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.) Ryvarden (Common names for this fungus: purple conk fungus, purple-toothed polypore)
Schweinitzii butt rot
Pathogen name: Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. (Common names for the fungus: velvet-topped polypore, dyer’s polypore)
Scleroderris canker North American strain
Pathogen name: Gremmeniella abietina var. NA (Lagerberg) Morelet
Scleroderris canker, European strain
Pathogen name: Gremmeniella abietina var. Eu (Lagerberg) Morelet
Distribution map
