Spruce spider mite
- French common name: Tétranyque de l'épinette
- Scientific name: Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi)
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Arachnida
- Order: Acari
- Family: Tetranychidae
Distribution
- Canada
Damage, symptoms and biology
The first sign of the spider mite’s presence is a dusty substance on the needles, which turn brown and then drop off. Silk threads on the twigs are also indicative of a spruce spider mite infestation.
A simple detection method can be used to round out the diagnosis: shake a branch over a piece of white paper, and you will see some tiny dark mites (tiny spiders with four pairs of legs) quickly moving over the white surface.
This species has at least four generations per year in Canada, depending on the region. The first generation usually attacks old foliage whereas subsequent ones prefer new needles. By sucking sap out of the needles while feeding, the spruce spider mite causes the foliage to discolour gradually. In addition, it secretes an abundance of silk threads and uses them to web together needles and twigs, which then serve as shelters. The damage begins inside the branches located in the lower crown and gradually spreads outwards and upwards in the tree.
Other information
In Canada, spruce spider mites can cause sporadic or localized damage to various species of conifers. This species is also a problem in nurseries. The last serious spruce spider mite outbreak in British Columbia occurred in 1975, when 800 ha of forest, mainly young Douglas fir, were severely affected.
Spruce spider mite populations remain low during periods of high humidity and heavy rainfall. Infestation in ornamental trees can thus be avoided by abundantly spraying the damaged tree on a regular basis and repeatedly, in order to destroy the silk threads and dislodge mites. This will also increase the moisture level of the foliage and thereby hinder mite development.
Canadian Forest Service Publications
Diet and feeding behaviour
-
Sap-feeding:
Feeds on plant sap.
- Piercing-sucking: Has specialized mouthparts for sucking the fluids from plants, thereby causing deformities or killing the affected plant sections.
Information on host(s)
Main host(s)
- Austrian pine
- Bishop's pine
- Blue spruce
- Chinese Juniper
- Colorado spruce
- Common juniper
- Creeping juniper
- Douglas-fir
- Eastern hemlock
- Eastern white-cedar
- Georgia pine
- Himalayan white pine
- Jack pine
- Japanese red pine
- Jeffrey pine
- Larches / tamaracks
- Loblolly pine
- Lodgepole pine
- Maritime pine
- Monterey pine
- Mugho pine
- Norway spruce
- Pitch pine
- Ponderosa pine
- Red spruce
- Scots pine
- Shore pine
- Shortleaf pine
- Sitka spruce
- Western white pine
- White spruce
- White spruce
- Whitebark pine
Photos
Egg hatched at the base of a white spruce needle
Thérèse Arcand
Damage showing discoloration made by feeding, and dusty appearance caused by spider mite web on foliage
Thérèse Arcand
Web giving the needles a dusty appearance
Thérèse Arcand
Web giving the needles a dusty appearance
Thérèse Arcand